Electrical protective system



:me 24,1930. R, BAUH l 1,765,395

ELECTRICAL POTECTIVE SLSTEI ATToRNEY June 4, 1930. R, BAUCH 1,765,3954

ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE SYSTEI Filed Feb. 14, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY Patented June 24, 193D `uNrrr-:D STATES PATENT OFFICE RIC'HARDBAUCH, 0F BERLIN-CHARLOTTENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A GOR- PORATION ELECTRICAL :PROTECTIVE SYSTEM 'Application led vFebruary 14, 1925, Serial No. 9,276, and in Germany February 8A, 1924.

Y My invention relates to improvements in protective ydevices for cutting out defective sections in electric distribution networks.

When a two-phase short-circuit occurs in a three-phase current network which supplies' many electric motors, the motors connected with the sound conductors of the network take up more current than under normal conditions. "j The consequence is that without trouble arising in the individual motors the -current increases sufficiently to cause the tripping of switches which have nothing whatever to do with the short-circuit. It then happens that switches trip at J several places which are far remote from the fault. Not` only the excess-current relays respond but it may also happen that power directional relays in the network are operatively energized when their operation au is undesirable. It may even happen that those directional relays traversed by the short-circuit current and which should cut out the defective section of the network fail to respond and thus do not close the trip 425 ingcircuit of the switches.

The objectv of myinvention is to provide 'a device or system in which only the power directionalrelays operate which are located in the defective section. My invention consists in'keeping one or both of the coil sys tems of the directional relay (current or voltage coil system) inoperative as long as the network remains in a sound state.

These coils become active onlyvwhen a fault ap.' ears in the network.

n the drawing affixed to this speciicavtion and forming a part thereof, several yen'ibodirnents of my invention are illustrated by way of example. l

v In all these igures, R, S, T are the busbars lto which are connected the phase lines L,-.b, 0 which are cut out by the switch d ,whenthe tripping coil e disengages the catch Forthe lines a, Y?, c three power directional relays. R1, R2, R3 are arranged, each y of which is furnished with'two current coils connected with two'diierentvphases in order to form a currentdiference.

In Figure l, the voltage coils si, s2, s3 of the relays are connected between an artificial neutral point a and a phase a, b or c. The current coils a and b of the directional relay R1 for instance are connected in the phases a and Z9, respectively and the voltage coil S1 between the neutral point n and the phase c. rlhe relay coils may as a matter of course also be connected across current or voltage transformers. p

According to my invention contacts k1 are provided in the circuit oit'- one of the relay coils, for instance in that of the voltage coil s1. The said contacts are kept open by the contactor g connected with the phases a and Z2 as long as voltage prevails between these phases. Y

The improved system operates in the fcllowing manner: during normal service of the lines, the directional relays do not respond because their voltage coils are disconnected from the system. When a shortcircuit occurs between the phases a1 and Z), the voltage between the said phases breaks down. The coil g therefore drops its core and short-circuits the contacts icl whereby the voltage coil s1 is connected between the neutral point n and the phase c. The directional relay R1 now responds and closes the circuit of the tripping coil e by actuating the contacts 1 and completing the circuit through a source of power 5, whereby the switch CZ is opened.

When a fault occurs in other phases, the corresponding directional relays R2 or R3 respond and bring about the tripping of the switch d by closing the contacts 2 or 3 to energize the trip-coil circuit.

Instead ot connecting the voltage coils of the directional relay between an artificial neutral point and one phase, they may equally well be connected directly with the delta voltage, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

The voltage coil si is, for instance, connected between the phases b and c, the voltage coil 82 between the phases c and c and the voltage coil s3 between the phases a and b. The manner of operation of the system is similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1.

For forming the current difference the directional relays in the Figures 1 and 2v are provided with two current coils which` are in reversed connection. The relays may, however, also be equipped with one current coil and one voltage coil only. A 4current difference may then be formed by the aid of two current transformers, the primary coils of vvhicl are connected in two phases and the secon ry coils of which are in octollex connection with the current coil of the 'rectional relay.:

`In Fig. 3 a systemv embodying a modied form ol? the invention isillustrated in which the voltage coils of the directional relays are switched in by excess-currentv relays which are connected in the individual phases. The directional relays R1, R2, 'R5 are provided with twov current coils in reversed connection'and a voltage coil. The

voltage coils s1, 82.8, are connected betweenv an artificial neutral point n and one phase each. The contacts k1, k2. csrin the circuits of the voltage coils are controlled by coils v h2, it, connected in the circuits of excesscurrent relays ma, m1, m2. When an overload occurs in one of the phases a, b or c, the excess-current relay of thecorresponding phase responds and closes the circuit ofthe correspondin voltage coil of the directional relay. The relay responds and closes the circuit of the tripping coil e by which the switch d is tripped.

`Figure 4 illustrates a further modification Y of the invention in which the voltage coils si, s2, s3 of the directional relay are permanently connected between two phases while the current coils are short-circuited in the normal state of the hases. The coils i. and b are shortcircuited)-by the contactslc11 and k1-2 when the coil g is energized. When the voltage between the short-circuited phases breaks down, the coil g drops its armature, the current coils of the directional relay receive current and the relay R1 responds v and cuts out the section.

The connection of `the current coils, as described, may be made dependent upon the breaking Ydown of the voltage, as indicated,` Vit may becontrolled b excess-current ref lays which areconnecte in the three phases as illustrated in F ig. 3. i A, Y vWhat I claim is Y .l e

1. In 'a polyphase electrical system, the

combination with@ circuit interrupter, of

Vprotective vmeans i for controll` the operation of the interrupter comprising a relay for each phase of the system provided wlth current-responsive winding .means and a voltage-responsive winding means, and means or connecting one of the winding `means to the. system inV such manner that the current-responsive Winding means will be energized fromY phases otherv than that to which the voltage windingv means iscony nected,

2. A protective system electric power system including a relay for y for polyphase v each phase of the system embod ing currentresponsive elements and a vo tage-respon sive element and means for imparting energy to the elements from differentr phases of the power system whereby an abnormal conditienin the phases associated with the current elements will ottifct the "energizetion of the volta e element.

a 3. In a polyp ase `electricalnsystem2` the combination wrth a 'circuit-interruptrgif 75 rotective means operable in responselto all ault conditions occurring on for controllingV the operation of the interrupter comprising a rela7 for each phase of the system provided 'wi li current-respon- ,o sive winding 'means and voltagemespppslve winding means and means for conn zy one of the ing means to thesystemngn such manner that the current-res nsve winding means will be energizey from a5 phases other than that to which the volta winding means is connected. A

4. A protective system lfor the full protection of a polyphase electrical system virrespective of the nature of fault conditiexfist 9 including a relay for eachphase of the trical system embodying current-responsive windin means and voltage-rssponsive win ing means, and means LKfor impart' ener i vto the winding from di erent p ases of the electrical; tem whereby an abnormal condition in. e phases, associated with the currentlres Jonsive winding means will not aectthgenrf gization of the voltagefresponsive winding V100 Y means. Y ,o

5. A protective syste'li. f4 l` the full prgtgction of afpolyphase electrical system irrespective o the phase afected by fault conditions, including a rela for each lo, the electrical system e n W sponsive elements and a voltagefresponsilve element, .and means for lmpartingenergyl the elements from different phasesof tlieelectrical system whereby' abili).111mll Qqlfdlwno tion in the phaseaass rw1 t e rent elements will Vnot a '1, the energizatlcn of the voltage elementa l 6. In a polyphase electiicalmsystem'f combination with a, circuit-mterrupter; 5315 protective means operable in.; resppnse all fanlt'cpnditions occurrmg .on saidfsysf tem for .controllingthep ration i the 1,11- terrupter comprisln a j for each phase of the system provi edfwitliycurreut-resph-Qlm sive windings and a VOItRg'-,rSPQRSEYfgIYlQd' ing, and means for connecting Ithe current 

